Fig. 1

Combination therapy of TMZ and ABX displayed a significant synergistic effect on GBM cells. a The synergism of drug combination was calculated by using the Chou–Talalay Index. CI values less than, equal to, or greater than 1 indicate synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects, respectively. b GBM cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay after treatment with drugs at indicated concentrations for 48 h. Cultured cells were divided into six groups: the "Control" group, which was not exposed to TMZ or ABX for 48 h; the "TMZ" group, which received TMZ treatment for 48 h; the "ABX" group, which received ABX (12 nM) treatment for 48 h; the "preABX-TMZ" group, where cells received ABX (12 nM) treatment for 24 h followed by TMZ treatment for another 24 h. Conversely, the "TMZ-postABX" group was treated with TMZ for 24 h followed by ABX (12 nM) treatment for the subsequent 24 h. Finally, the “TMZ + ABX” group involved both treatments simultaneously. c The colony formation assay was performed on GBM cells treated with indicated drug concentrations for 48 h. d Cell viability of GBM cells was assessed with the indicated concentration of drug treatment on day 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. e Cell viability of GBM cells was assessed after treatment with various concentrations of TMZ (200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200 µM) for 72 h, with or without the addition of ABX (12 nM)