Fig. 2

Combination therapy of ABX and TMZ exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the progression of GBM in vivo. a The scheme involves intracranial orthotopic inoculation of glioma cells followed by systemic treatment regimens after tumor formation. Experimental nude mice were randomly divided into five groups, including Control (n = 5), TMZ alone (n = 5), preABX + TMZ (sequential therapy group with ABX pre-treatment for 24 h before TMZ treatment, n = 5), TMZ + ABX^low (concurrent therapy group with ABX treatment once per week, n = 5), and TMZ + ABX^high group (concurrent therapy group with ABX treatment three times per week, n = 5). Drug treatment was maintained for two cycles. B Top, the intracranial fluorescence images of GBM-bearing mouse models before and after drug treatment. Bottom, the intracranial fluorescence intensity statistics for each group after drug treatment. c-d Typical images of H&E staining (c) and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining (d) are shown in orthotopic tumor tissue slices from GBM-bearing mice of each group. Scale bar, 50 µm. e A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was performed to analyze the survival prognosis of nude mice in each group with the indicated drug treatment. f Body weight changes in GBM-bearing mice were recorded for each group during the drug treatment period