Table 2 Drugs targeting amino acid metabolism therapy and their targets

Amino acid degrading enzymes

Asparagine

ASNase

Clinical application

[72]

Arginine

PEG-Arg I (BCT-100)

III

[132]

Arginine

ADI-PEG20

III

[133]

Cysteine

Cysteinase

Experimental

[134]

Cysteine

Cysteinase-PEG

Experimental

[135]

Cystine

Cystinase

Experimental

[136]

Amino acid transporter inhibitors

LAT1(SLC7A5)

LAT1-IN-1 (BCH)

Experimental

[137]

JPH203

II

[138]

SKN101

Experimental

[139]

SLC1A5(ASCT2)

γ-L-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA)

Experimental

[140]

V-9302

Experimental

[141]

Benzylserine (BenSer)

Experimental

[142]

SLC6A14

α-methyltryptophan (α-MT)

Experimental

[143]

SLC3A2

IGN523

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

SLC7A11(xCT)

Sulfasalazine

I/II

ClinicalTrials.gov

Amino acid antagonists

Glutamine

6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON)

II

[144]

JHU083

Experimental

[145]

Amino acid metabolic enzyme inhibitors

IDO

Indoximod (1-MT)

II

[146]

NLG-802

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

Epacadostat (INCB024360)

III

[147]

NTRC 3883–0

Experimental

[148]

BMS-986205

III

[149]

KHK2455

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

PCC0208009

Experimental

[150]

PF-06840003

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

GDC-0919

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

MK-7162

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

LY3381916

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

IDO/TDO

Navoximod (NLG919)

I

[151]

N-Benzyl/Aryl Substituted Tryptanthrin

Experimental

[152]

pf06840003

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

SHR9146

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

DN1406131

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

HTI-1090

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

TDO

680C91

Experimental

[153]

LM10

Experimental

[153]

ARG

NOHA

Experimental

[154]

nor NOHA

I

ClinicalTrials.gov

CB-1158

I/II

ClinicalTrials.gov

GLS

Telaglenastat (CB-839)

II

[155]

BPTES

Experimental

[60]

Glutaminase inhibitor 968

Experimental

[156]

GDH

R162

Experimental

[157]

PHGDH

CBR-5884

Experimental

[158]

NCT-503

Experimental

[159]

Kyn/AhR pathway

Kyn

PEG-KYNase

Experimental

[160]

AhR

IDB-AHRi

Experimental

[161]

CH223191

Experimental

[162]