Fig. 4

TCIPA promotes macrophage recruitment to lung metastases, stimulates TAM to M2 phenotype, and upregulates its PD-L1 expression. a and e The expression of PD-L1 in lung metastases. ***p ≤ 0.001, N = 15. b and f Changes in lung weight after InVivoMab anti-mouse PD-L1 treatment. **p ≤ 0.01, N = 6. c and g Migratory capacity of RAW 264.7 cells under the attraction of RPMI 1640, PLT, B16, and PLT + B16 treatments as determined by Transwell assay. *p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001, N = 5. d RAW264.7 cells were grouped as described in (c). FSC + SSC suggested the granularity of the live RAW264.7 cells. The macrophage gate was defined by CD11b⁺ and F4/80⁺. CD86⁺ and CD206⁺ gating coselected macrophages with the M2 phenotype. Sorting was conducted for PD-L1 expression on the surface of macrophages (M2). h–k The proportion and integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) of CD86⁺CD206⁺ cells among CD11b⁺F4/80⁺ cells and PD-L1⁺ cells among CD86⁺CD206.⁺ cells. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001, N = 3