Fig. 5

TCIPA-induced cytokine release triggers macrophage recruitment. Chemokines and growth factors in the serum or lung of the B16 + PLT model, B16 model and control groups, including CCL2/MCP-1 (a-b), IL-1α (c-d), m-CSF (e–f), MIF (g-h), SDF-1 (i-j), TGFβ-1 (k-l), IFN-γ (m), IL-1β (n), IL-4 (o), IL-10 (p) (pg/mL). *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001, N = 3. The expression of CCR2 (q), IL-1R1(r) and CXCR4 (s) in lung metastases was detected by IHC. Their IOD values (t-v) were all significantly higher in the B16 + PLT model than in the B16 model. **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, N = 15