Table 1 Dysregulations in the expression of the splicing machinery in PDAC

CLK1

Upregulated

METTL14^exon10

Cyclin L2^exon6.3

Growth and metastasis, and regulation of m6A methylation

[46]

(CDC Like Kinase 1)

ESRP1

Upregulated

FGFR-2 IIIb

FGFR-2 IIIc

Cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis

[51]

(Epithelial Splicing Regulatory Protein 1)

HNRNPA2B1

Upregulated

Bcl-x(s)

Bcl-x(L)

Apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis

[50]

(Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1)

HNRNPK

Upregulated

GTPase Activating Proteins

Tumor growth and sensibility to spliceosome inhibitors

[47]

(Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K)

HNRNPL

Upregulated

Migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition

[49]

(Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L)

HNRNPM

Downregulated

Adaptation to a hypo-vascular environment

[64]

(Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein M)

HNRNPU

Upregulated

Putative biomarker

[36]

(Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U)

METTL3

Upregulated

Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, ubiquitin-dependent process, and RNA splicing

[60]

(Methyltransferase Like 3)

PTBP1

Upregulated

PKM

Drug resistance

[57]

(Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1)

PTBP3

Upregulated

Drug resistance

[48]

(Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 3)

PRPF40A

Upregulated

Putative biomarker

[53]

(Pre-MRNA Processing Factor 40 Homolog A)

RBM5

Downregulated

KRAS expression, lymph node and distant metastases, stage, and nerve and venous invasion

[65]

(RNA Binding Motif Protein 5)

RBM10

Upregulated

TERT

Telomere shortening

[62]

(RNA Binding Motif Protein 10)

SF3B1

Upregulated

BCL-XS/BCL-XL

KRASa/KRAS

Δ133TP53/TP53

Tumor grade, lymph node involvement

[52]

(Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 1)

SF3B4

Downregulated

Cell growth, proliferation, and migration

[63]

(Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 4)

SFPQ

Upregulated

Autophagy and cell growth

[59]

(Splicing Factor Proline And Glutamine Rich)

SRPK1

Upregulated

MAPK and AKT signaling modulation

[45]

(SRSF Protein Kinase 1)

SRSF1

Upregulated

MNK2b

Drug resistance

[56]

(Serine And Arginine Rich Splicing Factor 1)

SRSF3

Upregulated

CDKN2B-AS1

Drug resistance

[58]

(Serine And Arginine Rich Splicing Factor 6)

SRSF6

Upregulated

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis

[54]

(Serine And Arginine Rich Splicing Factor 6)

RBFOX2

Downregulated

RHO GTPase pathways

Metastasis, cytoskeletal organization and focal adhesion formation

[55]

(RNA Binding Fox-1 Homolog 2)