Fig. 5

Interferon signaling is mainly activated in invasive cells having phosphorylated FoxM1 at Ser25. a, b Using non-invasive and invasive A549 cells expressing S25E of FoxM1, transcriptome profiles were analyzed by microarray. The transcriptome data were clustered by gene probes with fold change > 1.5 in cells expressing S25E FoxM1. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of transcriptome profiles was performed as biological processes (a) and KEGG pathways (b). KEGG pathways were analyzed, and the signaling pathways had higher gene numbers in cells expressing invasive S25E than in those expressing mock. c Transcriptome comparison between gene profiles of invasive and non-invasive A549 cells expressing WT, S25A, and S25E. The MORPHEUS program was used to visualize the expression levels of genes related to the EMT, metastasis, interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines and chemokines, JAK-STAT, MAPK, NF-kB, and TLR signaling in non-invasive and invasive A549 cells expressing WT, S25A, and S25E of FoxM1. d Relative gene expression profile of the top 12 genes in invasive and non-invasive A549 cells expressing WT, S25E, and S25A FoxM1. e, f qRT-PCR was performed for the top five genes IFITM1, XAF1, IF44L, MX1, and IL1A in invasive A549 cells expressing FoxM1 (e) and total A549 cells expressing FoxM1 (f). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD