Fig. 2

Cell-cycle activation was the primary feature of early-stage LUAD onset and progression. a Representative image showed the pathological and radiological features of patients in cohort 1. b-e Statistic analyses of tumour diameters, C/T ratios, vascular convergence sign and pleural indentation sign in patients with non-invasive and invasive nodes. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001, the student’s t test. f Pie chart showed the percentage of patients with different pathological and radiological features. g Venn showed 169 common up regulated DEGs between ORDEGs and DEGs in non-invasive versus invasive group. h Venn showed 87 common down regulated DEGs between ORDEGs and DEGs in non-invasive versus invasive group. i The heatmap showed the DEGs between non-invasive and invasive tissues. j Functional annotations for 256 common DEGs in Fig. 3G-H. k Enrichment analysis of cell cycle pathway in KEGG database. l The heatmap showed the marker genes in G1, S, G2, M phase between non-invasive and invasive tissues. m Statistic analysis of ssGSEA z-scores in G1, S, G2, M phase marker genes between non-invasive and invasive tissues. *P < 0.05, ns: no significance, the student’s t test