Fig. 3

Lipid rafts drove cell-cycle activation and invasiveness in early-stage LUAD. a Representative image of patients with or without vascular convergence sign. b Pie chart showed the percentage of patients with or without vascular convergence sign in invasive group. c Representative PET-CT images of patients in low SUV and high SUV group. d Statistic analysis of patients’ maximum SUV in low SUV and high SUV group. **P < 0.01, the student’s t test. e The heatmap showed the DEGs between low SUV tissues and high SUV tissues. f Functional annotations for 475 DEGs between low SUV tissues and high SUV tissues. g Protein–protein interaction network among 10 densely connected components calculated by MCODE algorithm. h Representative images of IHC assay detecting levels of caveolin-1 expression in paracancerous and tumour tissues of LUAD patients in cohort 2. i Statistic analysis of caveolin-1 AOD values in paired paracancerous and tumour tissues of stage I LUAD patients in cohort 2, n = 38. Bars, SD; ****P < 0.0001; the student’s t test. j Statistic analysis of caveolin-1 AOD values in paired paracancerous and tumour tissues of stage I A2 patients in cohort 2, n = 9. Bars, SD; **P < 0.01, the student’s t test. k Statistic analysis of caveolin-1 AOD values in paired paracancerous and tumour tissues of stage I A3 patients in cohort 2, n = 14. Bars, SD; ****P < 0.0001, the student’s t test. l Statistic analysis of caveolin-1 AOD values in paired paracancerous and tumour tissues of stage I B patients in cohort 2, n = 15. Bars, SD; ***P < 0.001, the student’s t test. m Correlation analysis of caveolin-1 AOD fold changes and Ki-67 positive percentages in paracancerous and tumour tissues of stage I LUAD patients, n = 38. **P < 0.01; spearman correlation test