Fig. 4

Transcriptomics and lipidomics analyses implicated PLPP2 in lipid raft formation during early-stage LUAD. a Venn showed common gene PLPP2 among 4 gene sets. Set 1: lipid raft gene set from molecular signatures database (MSigDB); set 2: glycerophospholipid metabolism gene set from MSigDB; set 3: ORDEGs; set 4: DEGs of paracancerous and tumour tissues of stage I LUAD patients in TCGA database. b Correlation analysis of PLPP2 and flotillin-1 levels in tumour tissues of patients in cohort 1, n = 30. **P < 0.01; spearman correlation test. c-d GSEA of PLPP2 levels in 30 tumour tissues of patients in cohort 1. e The heatmap showed differential metabolites between NCI-H1299 vector cells and PLPP2 OE cells. f KEGG annotation of differential metabolites between NCI-H1299 vector cells and PLPP2 OE cells. g Scatter plot showed the content differences of different subclasses of lipids in two groups of samples. Each point in the figure represented a type of lipid, and different colors represented different lipid subclasses. h Radar charts showed the levels of indicated lipids in NCI-H1299 vector cells and PLPP2 OE cells. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001; the student’s t test