Fig. 7

GPR65 on TAMs activated by lactate stimulates HMGB1 secretion via the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. A Levels of cAMP production in macrophages under lactate concentration gradient stimulations. B Western blot analysis of expressions HMGB1, PKA and pCREB in macrophages under lactate concentration gradient stimulations. C Levels of cAMP production in macrophages transfected with shNC or shGPR65, with or without lactate stimulation. D Western blot analysis of expressions HMGB1, PKA and pCREB in macrophages transfected with shNC or shGPR65, with or without lactate stimulation. E Levels of cAMP production in macrophages treated with SQ22536 and H89, with lactate stimulation. F Western blot analysis of expressions HMGB1, PKA and pCREB in macrophages treated with SQ22536 with lactate stimulation. G Western blot analysis of expressions HMGB1, PKA and pCREB in macrophages treated with H89. H Levels of cAMP production in macrophages treated with Forskolin, with lactate stimulation. I Western blot analysis of expressions HMGB1, PKA and pCREB in macrophages treated with Forskolin, with lactate stimulation. Data are presented as the Mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001