Fig. 1
From: Liquid biopsy techniques and lung cancer: diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation
Liquid biopsy enables the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of lung cancer by utilizing circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), non-coding RNA (ncRNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), tumor metabolites, and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) as biomarkers. Techniques including quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), microfluidics, and sequencing can be employed for the isolation and detection of liquid biopsies in lung cancer