Fig. 5

CEBPD/VAMP3 increases extracellular PD-L1 level in PTX-resistant TNBC cells. A expression of PD-L1 in biopsy tissues of SD/PD (n = 18) and CR/PR (n = 23) patients measured by IHC assay; B concentration of PD-L1 in the culture supernatant of sh-CEBPD- or sh-CEBPD + oe-VAMP3-treated PTX-resistant TNBC cells detected by ELISA kit (n = 3); C morphology of the isolated EVs under transmission electron microscopy; D particle size distribution and concentration of the isolated EVs determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (n = 3). Differences were analyzed by the t-test (A) or two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test (B, D). *p < 0.05