Fig. 1

ATF2 is highly expressed in RCC samples. a qRT-PCR analysis of ATF2 in RCC cells versus human normal renal cells (293 T and HK-2). b qRT-PCR analysis of ATF2 in RCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 17 RCC patients. c Immunohistochemistry analysis of ATF2 in RCC tissues (right) and adjacent non-tumor tissues (left). Scale bar = 50 μm. d Immunohistochemical comparison of ATF2 expression in human RCC tissues versus adjacent non-tumor tissues. The horizontal lines in the box plots represent the median, the boxes represent the interquartile range, and the whiskers represent the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. e qRT-PCR analysis of ATF2 in primary RCC tissues and tumor thrombus tissues from 9 patients. Results are presented as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 and **p <0.01