Correction to: Dihydroartemisinin inhibits TCTPdependent metastasis in gallbladder cancer

Correction to: J Exp Clin Cancer Res 36, 68 (2017)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-017-0531-3

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified minor errors in Figs. 3, 6, and S1; specifically:

• Fig. 3A: Incorrect migration assay images originally used for the TCTP-positive cell lines GBC-SD; the correct images are now used, and a scale bar has been added

• Fig. 6G: scale bars have been added to the images showing lung metastatic tissues of gallbladder cancer perfused with Indian ink

• Fig. S1F: scale bars have been added to the images showing lung metastatic tissues of gallbladder cancer perfused with Indian ink

The corrected figures are given here. The correction does not have any effect on the final conclusions of the paper.

Fig. 3

DHA inhibits TCTP-dependent cell migration and invasion. a In the migration assays, the TCTP-positive cell lines NOZ, GBC-SD, and OCUG-1, and the TCTP-negative cell lines EH-GB-2 and SGC-996 were pre-treated with either vehicle or DHA (40 μM) for 2 days and then seeded in transwell plates for 24 h. b The relative migration rates are shown in a bar graph. c, d SGC-996 cells were transfected with an empty or TCTP expression vector (c), treated with vehicle or DHA for 2 days, and then seeded in transwell plates for migration assays. The relative migration rates are shown in a bar graph (d). e, f TCTP was depleted in NOZ cells using shRNA (e). The cells were then treated with DHA for 2 days and seeded in transwell plates for migration assays. The relative migration rates are shown in a bar graph (f). The percentage of cells that migrated was scored and normalized to the percentage of migrated vehicle-treated cells. The graphed data represent the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, ns: no significant difference (p > 0.05)

Fig. 6

DHA reduces TCTP-dependent metastasis in vivo. a GBC cells were injected into the spleens of immunodeficient mice to establish a spleen-to-liver metastasis model, and the mice were then treated with DHA or vehicle control (PBS) via an IP injection every day. Representative photos of histological H&E-stained liver metastasis tissues are shown for each group. b-c A bar graph summarizing the number of liver metastases in the DHA-treated and control NOZ (b) and EH-GB-2 (c) cells. d-e A bar graph summarizing the incidence of liver metastasis in the DHA-treated and control NOZ (d) and EH-GB-2 (e) cells. f To establish a lung metastasis model, mice were intravenously injected into the tail with NOZ cells that expressed luciferase and then treated with DHA or vehicle control (PBS) via an IP injection every day. The bioluminescence of the cells was monitored every 2 weeks. Proton flux was evaluated using Xenogen IVIS LuminaXR software. The data shown represent the mean ± SD. **p < 0.001. NS: no significant difference. g Representative photos of histological lung metastasis tissues are shown for each group. A bar graph is used to summarize the number of lung metastases in the DHA-treated and control groups. h Kaplan–Meier plots of survival in the mice in the DHA-treated and control groups. Each group contained 10 mice