Correction: The potential of swine pseudorabies virus attenuated vaccine for oncolytic therapy against malignant tumors

Correction: J Exp Clin Cancer Res 42, 284 (2023)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-023-02848-1

Following publication of the original article [1], errors were identified by author in the body and Figs. 2 and 4, specifically:

• 1. In Fig. 2c, there is a lack of antigen for Wb detection, despite the description of relevant experiments in the legend. However, after correction, the readers will have a more intuitive understanding.

• 2. In Fig. 2a, the color marking of the top green dot is incorrect, it should be blue.

• 3. In Fig. 4g, the mice control group was mistakenly recorded twice resulting to a total of 6, it should be 5.

• 4. In the main text, the tumor clearance efficiency of PRV-LAV in the CT26 model is 50%, not 40%.

• 5. In the legend of Fig. 5, the number of mouse in Fig. 5I is (n = 9), not (n = 6).

• 6. In the description of animal experiments in the Materials and Methods section, the sentence “Age matched (14 to 16-week-old) naïve mice were used as controls (n = 5)” should be (n = 6).

Fig. 2

The expression of EGFR regulates the proliferation of PRV-LAV. A, B GBM cells and PK-15 cells were pretreated with vehicle or 5 μM kinase inhibitor and were then infected with PRV-LAV-mNeonGreen (MOI = 0.001). The inhibition rates against PRV infection in GBM and PK-15 cells were calculated by Harmony imaging and analysis software. The results are presented on a scatter plot. Each point on the plot represents a kinase inhibitor (A). Kinase inhibitors with inhibition rates of at least 80% in both GBM and PK-15 cells were classifed according to their molecular function in signaling pathways (B). This experiment was repeated three times. C The expression of PRV gB was analyzed by western blotting after cancer cells were pretreated with the EGFR inhibitor afatinib and then infected with PRV-LAV HB2000 (GBM, MOI = 0.001; HepG2 and Panc-1, MOI = 0.01) and cultured for 48 h. D The expression of EGFR in 293FT and EGFR-OE 293FT cells was analyzed by western blotting. E, F 293FT and EGFR-OE 293FT cells were infected with PRV-LAV-mNeonGreen (MOI = 0.1, 1). Phase-contrast and fuorescence micrographs were acquired with an Opera Phenix High Content Screening System (E), with cell viability assays were performed (F) 24 h and 48 h post-infection. E Scale bars, 100 μm. F Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. values (n = 6). 293FT cells vs. EGFR-OE 293FT cells. A t test was used to determine the signifcance of diferences in the percentages of viable cells post-viral infection. G-I Knockdown of EGFR expression in HepG2 cells suppressed the proliferation of PRV-LAV. The expression of EGFR in HepG2 and KD-EGFR HepG2 cells was analyzed by western blotting (G). HepG2 and KD-EGFR HepG2 cells were infected with PRV-LAV-mNeonGreen (MOI = 0.1, 1). Phase-contrast and fuorescence micrographs were acquired with an Opera Phenix High Content Screening System (H), with cell viability assays were performed (I) 24 h and 48 h post-infection. Scale bars, 100 μm. The data are presented as the mean ± s.d. values. Data are presented as the mean ± s.d. values (n = 6). The black bars indicate the mean values. A t test was used to determine the signifcance of diferences in the percentages of viable cells post-viral infection

Fig. 4

In vivo therapeutic efficacy of PRV-LAV. A Timeline of the experimental setup for the experiments in the Balb/c nude or NOD-scid mouse model. B-G Tumor volume curves (B, D, F) and Kaplan–Meier survival curves (C, E, G) for mice bearing GBM, HepG2, and A549 tumors treated with vehicle or PRV-LAV (1 × 107 PFUs, intratumorally). H-I Therapeutic activity of PRV-LAV in the liver cancer PDX model (LIHC 00184006). Tumor volume curves (H) and Kaplan–Meier survival curves (I) for PDX mice treated with 4 doses of vehicle (n = 6) or PRV-LAV (n = 8) (1 × 10⁷ PFUs, intratumorally). J Timeline of the experimental setup for the experiments in Hepa1-6 and CT26 syngeneic models in immunocompetent mice. K-N Changes in the injected (K, M) and distant (L, N) tumor volumes curves for mice bearing Hepa1-6 and CT26 tumors treated with vehicle or PRV-LAV (1 × 10⁷ PFUs, intratumorally). In (B, D, F, H, K-N), comparisons were performed by AUC analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test in (C, E, G, I). O Tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the single hind-flank of mice. After 60 days post PRV-LAV treatment, cured mice treated with PRV-LAV were rechallenged with two-fold increased number of the same cancer cells. Recurrence rates were monitored in all groups

The correct Figs. 2 and 4 are given below. These corrections do not affect the overall result or conclusion of the article. The original article has been corrected.