Articles

Reactive oxygen species reprogram macrophages to suppress antitumor immune response through the exosomal miR-155-5p/PD-L1 pathway

Cancer cells have an imbalance in oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis. Understanding the precise mechanisms and the impact of the altered redox microenvironment on the immunologic reaction to tumors is lim...

Authors: Xiang Li, Shaomin Wang, Wei Mu, Jennifer Barry, Anna Han, Richard L. Carpenter, Bing-Hua Jiang, Stephen C. Peiper, Mỹ G. Mahoney, Andrew E. Aplin, Hong Ren and Jun He

Correction to: Focal adhesion kinase inhibitor TAE226 combined with Sorafenib slows down hepatocellular carcinoma by multiple epigenetic effects

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Ilaria Romito, Manuela Porru, Maria Rita Braghini, Luca Pompili, Nadia Panera, Annalisa Crudele, Daniela Gnani, Cristiano De Stefanis, Marco Scarsella, Silvia Pomella, Stefano Levi Mortera, Emmanuel de Billy, Adrian Libenzio Conti, Valeria Marzano, Lorenza Putignani, Manlio Vinciguerra…

SF3B1 inhibition disrupts malignancy and prolongs survival in glioblastoma patients through BCL2L1 splicing and mTOR/ß-catenin pathways imbalances

Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating cancer worldwide based on its locally aggressive behavior and because it cannot be cured by current therapies. Defects in alternative splicing process are frequent i...

Authors: Antonio C. Fuentes-Fayos, Jesús M. Pérez-Gómez, Miguel E. G-García, Juan M. Jiménez-Vacas, Cristóbal Blanco-Acevedo, Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez, Juan Solivera, Joshua J. Breunig, Manuel D. Gahete, Justo P. Castaño and Raúl M. Luque

A novel FBW7/NFAT1 axis regulates cancer immunity in sunitinib-resistant renal cancer by inducing PD-L1 expression

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to be beneficial for the survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients, but res...

Authors: Wentao Liu, Dianyun Ren, Wei Xiong, Xin Jin and Liang Zhu

Human embryonic mesenchymal lung-conditioned medium promotes differentiation to myofibroblast and loss of stemness phenotype in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines

When genes responsible for normal embryonic development are abnormally expressed in adults, it can lead to tumor development. This can suggest that the same mechanism that controls embryonic differentiation ca...

Authors: Jordi Canals, Alfons Navarro, Cristina Vila, Josep M. Canals, Tania Díaz, Melissa Acosta-Plasencia, Coralí Cros-Font, Bing Han, Yangyi He and Mariano Monzó

The essential roles of m⁶A RNA modification to stimulate ENO1-dependent glycolysis and tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)  is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Patient prognosis is poor, and the existing therapeutic strategies for LUAD are far from satisfactory. Recently, targeting N6-methyladenos...

Authors: Lifang Ma, Xiangfei Xue, Xiao Zhang, Keke Yu, Xin Xu, Xiaoting Tian, Yayou Miao, Fanyu Meng, Xiaoxin Liu, Susu Guo, Shiyu Qiu, Yikun Wang, Jiangtao Cui, Wanxin Guo, You Li, Jinjing Xia…

Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: the promise of combination strategies

Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment has remained almost unchanged for more than 20 years. The current standard of care involves surgical resection (if possible) followed by concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ...

Authors: Mathilde Bausart, Véronique Préat and Alessio Malfanti

SMARCA5 interacts with NUP98-NSD1 oncofusion protein and sustains hematopoietic cells transformation

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by accumulation of aberrantly differentiated hematopoietic myeloid progenitor cells. The karyotyping-silent NUP98-NSD1 fusion is a molecular hallmark of pediatric ...

Authors: Zivojin Jevtic, Vittoria Matafora, Francesca Casagrande, Fabio Santoro, Saverio Minucci, Massimilliano Garre’, Milad Rasouli, Olaf Heidenreich, Giovanna Musco, Jürg Schwaller and Angela Bachi

Loss of RPS27a expression regulates the cell cycle, apoptosis, and proliferation via the RPL11-MDM2-p53 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells

Depletion of certain ribosomal proteins induces p53 activation, which is mediated mainly by ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) and/or ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11). Therefore, RPL5 and RPL11 may link RPs and p53 acti...

Authors: Hongyan Li, Hong Zhang, Guomin Huang, Zhitong Bing, Duling Xu, Jiadi Liu, Hongtao Luo and Xiaoli An

tRF3008A suppresses the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer by destabilizing FOXK1 in an AGO-dependent manner

tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. However, the contributions of tRFs to colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown.

Authors: Ying Han, Yinghui Peng, Shanshan Liu, Xinwen Wang, Changjing Cai, Cao Guo, Yihong Chen, Le Gao, Qiaoqiao Huang, Min He, Edward Shen, Jie Long, Jian Yu, Hong Shen and Shan Zeng

Dysbiotic microbes and how to find them: a review of microbiome profiling in prostate cancer

The role of the microbiota in human health and disease is well established, including its effects on several cancer types. However, the role of microbial dysbiosis in prostate cancer development, progression, ...

Authors: Paul Vinu Salachan and Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen

Correction to: ARNTL hypermethylation promotes tumorigenesis and inhibits cisplatin sensitivity by activating CDK5 transcription in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Authors: Hao Peng, Jian Zhang, Pan-Pan Zhang, Lei Chen, Ling-Long Tang, Xiao-Jing Yang, Qing-Mei He, Xin Wen, Ying Sun, Na Liu, Ying-Qin Li and Jun Ma

Different pancreatic cancer microenvironments convert iPSCs into cancer stem cells exhibiting distinct plasticity with altered gene expression of metabolic pathways

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are generated under irregular microenvironment in vivo, of which mimic is quite difficult due to the lack of enough information of the factors responsible for cancer initiation. Here, ...

Authors: Ghmkin Hassan, Toshiaki Ohara, Said M. Afify, Kazuki Kumon, Maram H. Zahra, Xiaoying Fu, Mohamad Al Kadi, Akimasa Seno, David S. Salomon and Masaharu Seno

Lipid reprogramming induced by the TFEB-ERRα axis enhanced membrane fluidity to promote EC progression

Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) has been reported to play a critical role in endometrial cancer (EC) progression. However, the underlying mechanism of ERRα-mediated lipid reprogramming in EC remains elusive...

Authors: Xiaodan Mao, Huifang Lei, Tianjin Yi, Pingping Su, Shuting Tang, Yao Tong, Binhua Dong, Guanyu Ruan, Alexander Mustea, Jalid Sehouli and Pengming Sun

The path to the clinic: a comprehensive review on direct KRAS^G12C inhibitors

The RAS oncogene is both the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancer and the first confirmed human oncogene to be discovered in 1982. After decades of research, in 2013, the Shokat lab achieved a seminal...

Authors: Albert K. Kwan, Gary A. Piazza, Adam B. Keeton and Caio A. Leite

The SF3B1^R625H mutation promotes prolactinoma tumor progression through aberrant splicing of DLG1

Recently, a hotspot mutation in prolactinoma was observed in splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1^R625H), but its functional effects and underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Authors: Jing Guo, Chuzhong Li, Qiuyue Fang, Yulou Liu, Dawei Wang, Yiyuan Chen, Weiyan Xie and Yazhuo Zhang

Metabolic synthetic lethality by targeting NOP56 and mTOR in KRAS-mutant lung cancer

Oncogenic KRAS mutations are prevalent in human cancers, but effective treatment of KRAS-mutant malignancies remains a major challenge in the clinic. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant metabolism plays a ...

Authors: Zhang Yang, Shun-Qing Liang, Liang Zhao, Haitang Yang, Thomas M. Marti, Balazs Hegedüs, Yanyun Gao, Bin Zheng, Chun Chen, Wenxiang Wang, Patrick Dorn, Gregor J. Kocher, Ralph A. Schmid and Ren-Wang Peng

Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screen identifies PCMT1 as a critical driver of ovarian cancer metastasis

The development of lethal cancer metastasis depends on the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, both of which are embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The acquisitio...

Authors: Jingjing Zhang, Yun Li, Hua Liu, Jiahui Zhang, Jie Wang, Jia Xia, Yu Zhang, Xiang Yu, Jinyan Ma, Masha Huang, Jiahui Wang, Liangzhe Wang, Qian Li, Rutao Cui, Wen Yang, Yingjie Xu…

Macrophages-aPKC_ɩ-CCL5 Feedback Loop Modulates the Progression and Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma

Recent data indicated that macrophages may mutually interact with cancer cells to promote tumor progression and chemoresistance, but the interaction in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is obscure.

Authors: Tao Yang, Zhengdong Deng, Lei Xu, Xiangyu Li, Tan Yang, Yawei Qian, Yun Lu, Li Tian, Wei Yao and Jianming Wang

Circ_0000658 knockdown inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer via miR-498-induced HMGA2 downregulation

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with the angiogenesis and oncogenic phenotypes of multiple malignant tumors including bladder cancer (BCa). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recognized a...

Authors: Feng Qiu, Qiuchen Liu, Yanfu Xia, Hengxi Jin, Yuxin Lin and Xiaojun Zhao

The follicular lymphoma epigenome regulates its microenvironment

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center (GC) origin with a distinctive tumor microenvironment (TME) and a unique spectrum of mutations. Despite the important therapeutic ad...

Authors: Rada Amin and Mounia S. Braza

MiR-423-5p prevents MALAT1-mediated proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), MALAT1, plays a key role in the development of different cancers, and its expression is associated with worse prognosis in patients. However, its mechanism of action and its r...

Authors: Carmela Ferri, Anna Di Biase, Marco Bocchetti, Silvia Zappavigna, Sarah Wagner, Pauline Le Vu, Amalia Luce, Alessia Maria Cossu, Jayakumar Vadakekolathu, Amanda Miles, David J. Boocock, Alex Robinson, Melanie Schwerdtfeger, Virginia Tirino, Federica Papaccio, Michele Caraglia…

METTL3 promotes colorectal carcinoma progression by regulating the m6A–CRB3–Hippo axis

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) N6-methyladnosine (m6A) and methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) ...

Authors: Jiashu Pan, Feng Liu, Xiaoli Xiao, Ruohui Xu, Liang Dai, Mingzhe Zhu, Hanchen Xu, Yangxian Xu, Aiguang Zhao, Wenjun Zhou, Yanqi Dang and Guang Ji

RNA binding protein HuD promotes autophagy and tumor stress survival by suppressing mTORC1 activity and augmenting ARL6IP1 levels

Neuronal-origin HuD (ELAVL4) is an RNA binding protein overexpressed in neuroblastoma (NB) and certain other cancers. The RNA targets of this RNA binding protein in neuroblastoma cells and their role in promot...

Authors: Kausik Bishayee, Khadija Habib, Uddin Md. Nazim, Jieun Kang, Aniko Szabo, Sung-Oh Huh and Ali Sadra

The RNA-binding protein GRSF1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis via competitively binding to YY1 mRNA with miR-30e-5p

Dysregulation of RNA binding protein (RBP) expression has been confirmed to be causally linked with tumorigenesis. The detailed biological effect and underlying mechanisms of the RBP GRSF1 in hepatocellular ca...

Authors: Lili Han, Chen Huang, Xiaofei Wang and Dongdong Tong

Restriction of extracellular lipids renders pancreatic cancer dependent on autophagy

KRAS is the predominant oncogene mutated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourth cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mutant KRAS-driven tumors are metabolically programmed to support their...

Authors: Maria Saliakoura, Matteo Rossi Sebastiano, Ioanna Nikdima, Chiara Pozzato and Georgia Konstantinidou

ROS/PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signalings activate HIF-1α-induced metabolic reprogramming to impart 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer

Acquired resistance of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a clinical challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC), and efforts to develop targeted agents to reduce resistance have not yielded success. Metabolic reprogrammi...

Authors: Shuohui Dong, Shuo Liang, Zhiqiang Cheng, Xiang Zhang, Li Luo, Linchuan Li, Wenjie Zhang, Songhan Li, Qian Xu, Mingwei Zhong, Jiankang Zhu, Guangyong Zhang and Sanyuan Hu

Targeting ZFP64/GAL-1 axis promotes therapeutic effect of nab-paclitaxel and reverses immunosuppressive microenvironment in gastric cancer

Chemoresistance is a main obstacle in gastric cancer (GC) treatment, but its molecular mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Here, we aim to reveal the underlying mechanisms of nanoparticle albumin-bound pac...

Authors: Mengxuan Zhu, Pengfei Zhang, Shan Yu, Cheng Tang, Yan Wang, Zhenbin Shen, Weidong Chen, Tianshu Liu and Yuehong Cui

INPP5F translocates into cytoplasm and interacts with ASPH to promote tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma

Increasing evidence has suggested inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the role of INPP5F in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlyin...

Authors: Qianlei Zhou, Jianhong Lin, Yongcong Yan, Shiyu Meng, Hao Liao, Ruibin Chen, Gui He, Yue Zhu, Chuanchao He, Kai Mao, Jie Wang, Jianlong Zhang, Zhenyu Zhou and Zhiyu Xiao

The CD70-CD27 axis in oncology: the new kids on the block

The immune checkpoint molecule CD70 and its receptor CD27 are aberrantly expressed in many hematological and solid malignancies. Dysregulation of the CD70-CD27 axis within the tumor and its microenvironment is...

Authors: Tal Flieswasser, Astrid Van den Eynde, Jonas Van Audenaerde, Jorrit De Waele, Filip Lardon, Carsten Riether, Hans de Haard, Evelien Smits, Patrick Pauwels and Julie Jacobs

AHSA1 is a promising therapeutic target for cellular proliferation and proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma

Currently, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable plasma cell malignancy in urgent need of novel therapeutic targets and drugs.

Authors: Chunyan Gu, Yajun Wang, Lulin Zhang, Li Qiao, Shanliang Sun, Miaomiao Shao, Xiaozhu Tang, Pinggang Ding, Chao Tang, Yuhao Cao, Yanyan Zhou, Mengjie Guo, Rongfang Wei, Nianguang Li, Yibei Xiao, Jinao Duan…

M1-like tumor-associated macrophages cascade a mesenchymal/stem-like phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the IL6/Stat3/THBS1 feedback loop

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we have demonstrated that M1-like TAMs activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration ...

Authors: Yuanhe You, Zhuowei Tian, Zhong Du, Kailiu Wu, Guisong Xu, Meilu Dai, Yan’an Wang and Meng Xiao

Adiponectin triggers breast cancer cell death via fatty acid metabolic reprogramming

Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine derived from adipose tissue, exhibits a potent suppressive effect on the growth of breast cancer cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms for this effect are...

Authors: Duc-Vinh Pham and Pil-Hoon Park

SUMOylation inhibition enhances dexamethasone sensitivity in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Although Dexamethasone (Dex) is the most widely used therapeutic drug in MM treatment, patients develop Dex resistance leading to progressive disea...

Authors: Li Du, Wei Liu, Grace Aldana-Masangkay, Alex Pozhitkov, Flavia Pichiorri, Yuan Chen and Steven T. Rosen

Correction to: Class I histone deacetylases (HDAC) critically contribute to Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Oxana Schmidt, Nadja Nehls, Carolin Prexler, Kristina von Heyking, Tanja Groll, Katharina Pardon, Heathcliff D. Garcia, Tim Hensel, Dennis Gürgen, Anton G. Henssen, Angelika Eggert, Katja Steiger, Stefan Burdach and Günther H. S. Richter

RNA N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP2 promotes lymphatic metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells via stabilizing slug mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner

Lymph node metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is an emerging epigenetic regulatory mechanism for gene...

Authors: Dan Yu, Min Pan, Yanshi Li, Tao Lu, Zhihai Wang, Chuan Liu and Guohua Hu

Long noncoding RNA TINCR facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression and dampens chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin by regulating the miR-195-3p/ST6GAL1/NF-κB pathway

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have an essential role in progression and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In-depth study of specific regulatory mechanisms is of great value in providing potent...

Authors: Jie Mei, Wenping Lin, Shaohua Li, Yuhao Tang, Zhiwei Ye, Lianghe Lu, Yuhua Wen, Anna Kan, Jingwen Zou, Chengyou Yu, Wei Wei and Rongping Guo

Induction of m⁶A methylation in adipocyte exosomal LncRNAs mediates myeloma drug resistance

Therapeutic resistance occurs in most patients with multiple myeloma (MM). One of the key mechanisms for MM drug resistance comes from the interaction between MM cells and adipocytes that inhibits drug-induced...

Authors: Zhiming Wang, Jin He, Duc-hiep Bach, Yung-hsing Huang, Zongwei Li, Huan Liu, Pei Lin and Jing Yang

Epigenetic regulation of ferroptosis via ETS1/miR-23a-3p/ACSL4 axis mediates sorafenib resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Drug resistance to sorafenib greatly limited the benefits of treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the development of drug resistance. The key miRNA regul...

Authors: Yuanjun Lu, Yau-Tuen Chan, Hor-Yue Tan, Cheng Zhang, Wei Guo, Yu Xu, Rakesh Sharma, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Yi-Chao Zheng, Ning Wang and Yibin Feng

High efficacy and safety of CD38 and BCMA bispecific CAR-T in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has obtained promising results in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM), while some patients do not response, or rel...

Authors: Yuanyan Tang, Haisen Yin, Xinying Zhao, Dan Jin, Yan Liang, Tao Xiong, Lu Li, Wen Tang, Jiangzhao Zhang, Min Liu, Zhuojun Yu, Huimin Liu, Sibin Zang and Zhiping Huang

Prevotellaceae produces butyrate to alleviate PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity via PPARα-CYP4X1 axis in colonic macrophages

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiotoxicity is one of the most lethal adverse effects, and thus, the identification of underlying mechanisms for developing strategies to overcome it has clinical importa...

Authors: Yaxin Chen, Yanzhuo Liu, Yang Wang, Xuewei Chen, Chenlong Wang, Xuehan Chen, Xi Yuan, Lilong Liu, Jing Yang and Xiaoyang Zhou

Correction to: HDAC3 deteriorates colorectal cancer progression via microRNA-296-3p/TGIF1/TGFβ axis

Authors: Jinxiao Li, Man Hu, Na Liu, Huarong Li, Zhaomin Yu, Qian Yan, Minfeng Zhou, Yayuan Wang, Yanjuan Song, Guangtao Pan, Fengxia Liang and Rui Chen

Correction to: Novel approaches in cancer treatment: preclinical and clinical development of small non-coding RNA therapeutics

Authors: Rossana Cuciniello, Stefania Filosa and Stefania Crispi

Correction to: microRNA-193a stimulates pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis through modulating TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings

Authors: Chi Fang, Chen-yun Dai, Zhu Mei, Ming-jie Jiang, Dian-na Gu, Qian Huang and Ling Tian

Retraction Note: MNAT1 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and mediates p53 ubiquitin-degradation to promote colorectal cancer malignance

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s13046-021-02204-1

Authors: Shan Zhou, Jinping Lu, Yuejin Li, Chan Chen, Yongqiang Cai, Gongjun Tan, Zhengke Peng, Zhenlin Zhang, Zigang Dong, Tiebang Kang and Faqing Tang

Correction to: YPEL3 suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Authors: Jian Zhang, Xin Wen, Xian-Yue Ren, Ying-Qin Li, Xin-Ran Tang, Ya-Qin Wang, Qing-Mei He, Xiao-Jing Yang, Ying Sun, Na Liu and Jun Ma

Retraction Note: TGF-β2 initiates autophagy via Smad and non-Smad pathway to promote glioma cells’ invasion

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02219-8.

Authors: Chao Zhang, Xin Zhang, Ran Xu, Bin Huang, An-Jing Chen, Chao Li, Jian Wang and Xin-Gang Li

HIF-1α switches the functionality of TGF-β signaling via changing the partners of smads to drive glucose metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer

Most cancer cells have fundamentally different metabolic characteristics, particularly much higher glycolysis rates than normal tissues, which support the increased demand for biosynthesis and promote tumor pr...

Authors: Yiwei Huang, Zhencong Chen, Tao Lu, Guoshu Bi, Ming Li, Jiaqi Liang, Zhengyang Hu, Yuansheng Zheng, Jiacheng Yin, Junjie Xi, Zongwu Lin, Cheng Zhan, Wei Jiang, Qun Wang and Lijie Tan

The oncogenic kinase NEK2 regulates an RBFOX2-dependent pro-mesenchymal splicing program in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most heterogeneous and malignant subtype of breast cancer (BC). TNBC is defined by the absence of expression of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors and lacks e...

Authors: Chiara Naro, Monica De Musso, Francesca Delle Monache, Valentina Panzeri, Pierre de la Grange and Claudio Sette

Correction to: Hydroxychloroquine synergizes with the PI3K inhibitor BKM120 to exhibit antitumor efficacy independent of autophagy

Authors: Xin Peng, Shaolu Zhang, Wenhui Jiao, Zhenxing Zhong, Yuqi Yang, Francois X. Claret, Moshe Elkabets, Feng Wang, Ran Wang, Yuxu Zhong, Zhe-Sheng Chen and Dexin Kong